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Nen 2005, say higanten produkto ya Colgate-Palmolive et tinaynan toy negosyo na laundry detergent ed North America diad impanlako to na saray produkto a singa say Fab tan Dynamo ed Phoenix Brands. Taloy taon ed saginonor, sananey nin higanten produkto na panbabakal, say Unilever, so angilako ed Sun Products na American detergent product line to kaiba lay All tan Wisk.
Say inlako na negosyo to ed duaran angkekelag ya pribadon kompanya so nanggawa ed P&G ya atagey so kalidad ton merkado ed US ya laundry detergent ya ngalngali anggapoy problema. Makapainteres, ag-indeklara na Procter & Gamble so impanalo ra.
Tua, nen 2014, si Alan G. Lafley, CEO nen saman na Procter & Gamble (P&G), so nanbabawi ed intunda na Unilever. Inkuanto ya tinalo to so middle market na detergent market, kanian saray produkto na P&G et manunan akasentro ed high-end market, bangbalet mangiiter na low-end iran produkto ya walaan na taloran kakompetensya. Say Procter & Gamble et sakey a managlako na saray kabkabat a tatak a singa say Tide tan Gain. Saya so manlalapud ngalngalin 60% na negosyo na laundry detergent ed Estados Unidos, balet saya so ag-onkukurang a negosyo, tan baleg so pandumaan na presyo na saray produkto na kompanya tan saray kakompetensya to.
Sakey taon ed saginonor, sakey ed saray kakompetensya to, say kompanya na Alemanya ya Henkel, so amawala na problema. Inloob na kompanya so de-kalidad ya European detergent ton Persil ed Estados Unidos, ya inmuna et inlako to labat ed Wal-Mart, insan to inlunsad ed saray tindaan a singa say Target. Nen 2016, lalon pinawetwet na Henkel so amin a bengatla diad impangusar to ed Sun Products.
Say inggapo na Persil so amabiskeg ed negosyo na laundry detergent, balet nayarin mas maples itan nen say inilaloan nen Lafley. Nen imbeneg a Mayo, nen inngaran na magasin ya “Consumer Report” so sakey ed saray balon produkto nen Henkel, say Persil ProClean Power-Liquid 2in1, say sankaabigan ya detergent na Amerika, sikato tan arum niran ehekutibo na P&G so seguradon abigla. Say seremonya na koronasyon so angitonton ed Tide ed komaduan pasen ed primeron pankanawnawa ed loob na dakel a taon.
Inuman na Procter & Gamble (Chastened), Procter & Gamble (P&G) so sankaunaan ya produkto dan Tide Ultra Stain Release nen 2016. Inkuan na kompanya ya inyarum da ray surfactants tan inekal day pigaran danum, kanian mas makapal tan mas konsentrado so pormula ya makapaaligwas ed pangekal na mantsa. Inkuan na magasin ya say produkto so sankaunaan ed listaan ​​diad ontumbok ya impanaral na Consumer Reports, anggaman aliwan importante itan ed estadistika.
Diad agano ni et inlista na Consumer Reports so Tide Plus Ultra stain release agent tan Persil ProClean Power-Liquid 2-in-1 bilang duaran sankaabigan ya laundry detergent ed Estados Unidos. I-check na C&EN iray ingredients ya sengegan na sayan kipapasen, ontan met ed saray uusaren tan saray manggagawa ed saratan.
Diad agano ni et inlista na Consumer Reports so Tide Plus Ultra stain release agent tan Persil ProClean Power-Liquid 2-in-1 bilang duaran sankaabigan ya laundry detergent ed Estados Unidos. I-check na C&EN iray ingredients ya sengegan na sayan kipapasen, ontan met ed saray uusaren tan saray manggagawa ed saratan.
Masakbay ni pian ibaga no kasin seryosoen na Henkel so P&G ed saray Amerikanon manbabakal ya mansasaliw na de-kalidad ya sabon ed panaglaba. Balet no saray formulation chemist na P&G et nalikna dan kompiyansa lapud anggapoy kompetisyon, seguradon naekal ira.
Impaliwawa nen Shoaib Arif, application tan technical service manager ed Surfactant Supplier Pilot Chemical, ya diad Estados Unidos, say Tide tan Persil et de-kalidad iran produkto parad negosyo tan nayarin naapag ed apatiran lebel na performance. Diad inlabas na saray taon, si Arif tan arum niran Pilot scientists so tinmulong ed dakel a kompanya na kagawaan ed abung a manggawa na balon detergent tan arum niran produkton panaglinis.
Diad low-end ya tindaan, saya so super economical ya detergent. Unong ed si Arif, nayarin walaan labat itan na baraton surfactant, a singa say linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LABS) ontan met ed saray lasa tan kolor. Say ontumbok ya yugtan na produkto et nayarin mangarum na surfactant adjuvants odino builders, a singa say sodium citrate, tackifier tan say komaduan surfactant.
Say LABS et sakey ya anionic surfactant, ya maong ya mangekal na partikulo ed saray tela tan maong ya epektibo ed abel ya gapas. Say kumadwan kaslakan ya surfactant et say ethanol ethoxylate, sakey ya non-ionic surfactant, ya mas epektibo nen say LABS, lalo la ed pangekal na grasa tan dutak ed saray sintetikon lanot.
Diad komatlon layer, saray formulator et nayarin mangarum na optical brighteners ya mas abeba so presyo. Sarayan optical brighteners et mansesepsep na ultraviolet light tan ibulos da itan ed asul ya parte pian magmaliw ya mas maliwawa so kawes. Saray mas maabig ya surfactant, chelating agents, arum nin builders tan anti-redeposition polymers et mabetbet ya naromog ed saratan ya pormulasyon, ya nayarin man-trap na dutak manlapud danum ya pan-urasan pian ag-itan onloob lamet ed tela.
Saray sankamablian ya detergent et walaan na atagey ya surfactant loading tan nanduruman surfactant, singa say alcohol sulfates, alcohol ethoxy sulfates, amine oxides, fatty acid soaps tan cations. Saray exotic soil capture polymers (arum et ginawa parad saray kompanya a singa say Procter & Gamble tan Henkel) tan saray enzymes et kaiba met ed sayan kategorya.
Balet, impasakbay nen Arif ya say panagtipon na saray ingredients et walaan na saray angat. Diad sakey a laknab, say panagporma na detergent et sakey a siensia, tan amta na saray kemiko so kalidad na saray kemikal a kabiangan, a singa say aktibidad na tapew na saray surfactant.
Impaliwawa to: “Balet, no agawaan la so pormula, amin na sarayan bengatla et mankakasakey, tan agmo nibaga no antoy eksakton gawaen na unor a pormula.” "Kaukolan mo nin siansia ya suboken pian naseguro ya onkiwas itan ed tua."
Singa bilang, saray surfactant tan builder et nayarin mangamper ed aktibidad na enzyme, inkuan nen Arif. Saray managgaway detergent et nayarin mangusar na enzyme stabilizers (singa say sodium borate tan calcium formate) pian naresolbe iyan problema.
Imbaga nen Franco Pala, say manunan research scientist na Battelle's World Detergent Project, ya say atagey ya surfactant ya walad saray premium ya tatak na detergent et nayarin pansengegan met na problema. "Aliwan mainomay so mangiyarum na dakel a surfactants ed ontan lan katagey na konsentrasyon," inpaliwawa nen Pala. Say solubility et magmaliw ya problema, tan say mauges ya pidedeneng na saray surfactant et magmaliw met ya problema.
Say multi-client Battelle program ya indaulo nen Pala et ginmapo nen kagapo na 1990s diad impanaral ed komposisyon na saray manunan tatak na produkto ed panaglinis ed interon mundo. Say Battelle et manguusar na serye na saray instrumenton sientipiko pian natulongan iray akankayarian na tatak tan saray supplier na raw material ya onlampas ed listaan ​​na saray ingrediente pian natalosan da, alimbawa, so laknab na ethoxylation na saray surfactant odino no kasin say backbone na surfactant et linear odino walay sanga to.
Inkuan nen Para ya natan, saray polymer et importantin lapuan na inobasyon ed saray ingredients na detergent. Singa bilang, parehon walay polyethyleneimine ethoxylate na saray produkto na Tide tan Persil, ya sakey a polymer ya onsesegep na dutak ya ginawa na BASF parad Procter & Gamble, balet ta mas dakel la natan so naala na saray manggagawa na detergent.
Inkuan nen Pala ya saray terephthalic acid copolymers et naromog met ed pigaran de-kalidad iran detergent, ya mansakbong ed tela legan na proseso na panaglaba, kanian mainomay ya naekal iray mantsa tan dutak legan na proseso na panaglaba. Uusaren nen Battelle iray kagawaan a singa say gel permeation chromatography pian ibiig iray polymer insan manguusar na infrared spectroscopy pian naamtaan so istruktura ra.
Say programa na Battelle et mangiiter met na maong ya imano ed saray enzyme, ya saray produkto na biotech ya tuloytuloy ya papaaligwasen na saray managgaway produkto kada taon. Pian naseguro so aktibidad na enzyme, inekspos na grupo nen Pala so enzyme ed sakey a substrate ya walay chromophore to. No naderal na enzyme so substrate, say chromophore et nibulos tan nasukat panamegley na absorption odino fluorescence spectroscopy.
Saray protease ya mangaataki ed saray protina so sankaunaan ya enzyme ya inyarum ed saray detergent nen bandad sampot na 1960. Saray enzyme ya inyarum ed arsenal et kaiba so amylase, ya mamabulok ed starch, tan mannanase, ya mamabulok ed saray thickeners parad guar gum. No saray kakanen ya walay guar to (singa say ice cream tan barbecue sauce) et napelag ed kawes, mansiansia so chewing gum ed kawes anggano nalabaan la. Niiyan itan ed tela tan uusaren a singa kola parad granular a dutak, a mamawala na saray mantsa ya mairap ya ekalen.
Parehon walaan na protease, amylase tan mannanase so Persil ProClean Power-Liquid 2in1 tan Tide Ultra Stain Release.
Say persil et walaan met na lipase (ya nayarin manbulok na taba) tan cellulase (ya nayarin linisan ya agdirekta diad panamegley na panag-hydrolyze na pigaran glycosidic bonds ed cotton fiber) pian naekal so dutak ya akapeket ed fiber. Say cellulase et makapalemek met na koton tan makapaaligwas na kolor to. Diad saman met a panaon, unong ed saray dokumento na patent, say nikadkaduman kabiangan na tidal detergent et say glucanase, ya makapangibulok na polysaccharides ya ag nayarin nabulok na amylase.
Saray Novozymes tan DuPont so abayag lan manunan manggagawa na enzymes, balet say BASF et agano nin linmoob ed negosyo diad nengneng na proteases. Diad Cleaning Products Conference ya agawa ed Germany nen imbeneg a fall, in-promote na BASF so kombinasyon na balon protease tan polyethyleneimine ethoxylate, ya inkuan dan say mixture et mangiiter na mas maabig ya performance parad saray kustomer ya malabay ya manggawa na detergents parad abeban temperatura na panag-uras.
Diad tua, inkuan nen Arif tan arum niran manag-obserba ed merkado ya say pangiyabuloy ed saray managgaway detergent ya manggawa na saray ingrediente ya mankaukolan na abeban konsumo na enerhiya odino proteksion ed kaliberliber manlapud natural iran lapuan so ontumbok a frontier ed industriya. Nen Mayo nen imbeneg a taon, inlunsad na P&G so Tide Purclean, sakey a bersion na iconic brand da, ya 65% na saray ingredients et nanlapud tanaman. Insan, nen Oktubre, inala na Unilever so Seventh Generation, sakey a manggagawa na plant detergent tan arum niran produkton panaglinis, pian makaloob lamet ed merkado na detergent ed Estados Unidos.
Anggaman say panggawa ed saray sankaabigan ya ingredients pian magmaliw ya award-winning ya detergent et lanang ya angat, “say uso natan et mas natural,” inkuan nen Arif. "Mantetepet iray kustomer, 'Panon tayon manggawa na saray produkton nanlapud natural ya ag tanton makasamal ed totoo tan ed kaliberliber, balet ta maong so nagagawaan to?"